stem cell factor and hematopoiesis

Found insideTherefore, the goal of this book is to consolidate the recent advances in the area of stromal/stromal stem cell biology covering a broad range of interrelated topics in a timely fashion and to disseminate that knowledge in a lucid way to a ... Mutations of the KIT (mast/stem cell growth factor receptor) proto-oncogene account for a continuous range of phenotypes in human piebaldism. Hematopoietic cells expressing the c-kit receptor protein were detected at gestational day 8 in the embryonic yolk sac and by day 10 in fetal liver, where they progressively increased until day 15 and then decreased,19 paralleling the transition from yolk sac to fetal liver to bone marrow hematopoiesis. Candidate ligand for the c-kit transmembrane kinase receptor: KL, a fibroblast derived growth factor stimulates mast cells and erythroid progenitors. Hematopoiesis from Pluripotent Stem Cells. In vitro expansion of human peripheral blood CD34+ cells. Characterization of mouse lymphohematopoietic stem cells lacking spleen colony-forming activity. A factor was purified from rat liver-conditioned medium 31 that had a prominent action on mast cell proliferation but, when in combination with other hematopoietic growth factors, this factor proved to be a powerful stimulus for the proliferation of stem cells and of early hematopoietic progenitor cells. Differential roles of PI3-kinase and Kit tyrosine 821 in Kit receptor-mediated proliferation, survival and cell adhesion in mast cells. Soluble receptors may also function as carriers for the ligand to prolong ligand half-life in vivo,295 may mediate cytokine binding to transmembrane signal transduction subunits of the receptor,296 or may potentiate signal transduction via transmembrane receptor subunits even in the absence of the ligand by as yet unidentified mechanisms.297 Decreased cytokine receptor density on the cell surface is one mechanism that can attenuate cellular response to the cytokine.298 Whether soluble cytokine receptors normally serve to modulate ligand bioactivity in vivo or whether they are a byproduct of cellular desensitization to the ligand remains unclear at present. Hematopoietic progenitor cells exhibit the c-kit receptor. 2020 Sep;34(9):2305-2316. doi: 10.1038/s41375-020-0886-x. The function of HSCs gradually changes during aging. Although functional interplay between intestinal microbiota and distant sites beyond the gut has been identified, the influence of microbiota-derived metabolites on … Stimulation of endothelial cells with SCF in vitro did not induce display of the adhesion molecules VCAM-1, ELAM-1, or ICAM-1.40 A preliminary report indicates that SCF treatment of a marrow stromal cell line induced the expression of hemonectin, which could potentially mediate adhesion of progenitor cells.192,193 Expression of human c-kit cDNA in porcine aortic endothelial cells conferred the ability to proliferate, to undergo cytoskeletal reorganization, and to migrate in response to human SCF,194 demonstrating that these cells have the capacity to respond to SCF. Keratinocytes in normal skin41 and epithelial cells in the gut42,43 produce SCF, and SCF protein can be detected in the thymus44 as well as in other sites.45-47 Enriched populations of human hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells (CD34+c-kit receptor+) are reported to contain SCF mRNA detectable by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.48 Inflammatory stimuli such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF ) may modestly enhance SCF protein production by marrow stromal cells,22,23 in contrast to their profound ability to increase granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF ) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF ) production.49 Exposure of endothelial cells to transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1 ) can decrease SCF mRNA content and SCF production in vitro.50. As previously discussed, the transmembrane form of SCF may guide the migration of hematopoietic cells, germ cells, and melanocytes to their final destinations during embryogenesis17,18 or may be required for melanocyte survival in the skin.228, The c-kit receptor229 is a member of the type III receptor tyrosine kinase family67,68 (reviewed in Ullrich and Schlessinger230 ). For example, low doses of SCF could be used in conjunction with G-CSF or other cytokines as a stem cell and progenitor cell mobilizing agent; clinical trials of SCF plus G-CSF are currently underway.203,302,303 The latter studies have shown an improved safety profile for SCF when used at lower doses. SALL4 is a zinc finger DNA-binding protein that has been well characterized in development and in embryonic stem cell (ESC) maintenance. 1997 Aug 15;90(4):1345-64. Mast cell growth factor enhances multilineage hematopoietic recovery in vivo following radiation-induced aplasia. Recombinant human stem cell factor enhances the formation of colonies by CD34+ and CD34+lin− cells, and the generation of colony-forming cell progeny from CD34+lin− cells cultured with interleukin-3, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. 2005 Oct 1;11(19 Pt 1):6793-9. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-1033. Soluble and cell-bound forms of steel factor activity play distinct roles in melanocyte precursor dispersal and survival on the lateral neural crest migration pathway. The model is based extensively on the published structure of human M-CSF (Modified and reprinted with permission from Pandit et al.69 Copyright 1992 American Association for the Advancement of Science.) However, HSCs persist in the small quantity within the body, mostly in the quiescent state. TY - CHAP. Blood has many functions, including transporting oxygen and nutrients to tissues, removing waste materials (e.g., carbon dioxide, urea), regulating body temperature, and carrying cells responsible for coagulation and immune response. In vivo administration of recombinant methionyl human stem cell factor expands the number of human marrow hematopoietic stem cells. Reversible expansion of primate mast cell populations in vivo by stem cell factor. It happens naturally in the body, starting when a human is still an embryo. Normal conditions originate in the bone. Cleavage of membrane-anchored growth factors involves distinct protease activities regulated through common mechanisms. The lack of exon 6 in human SCF220 results in production of the transmembrane form of human SCF. Pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells are c-kit

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